Enjoy the second part of the article about the basis of physiological and anatomical segmental massage.

Sympathetic ganglia with connecting branches go gray short, reaching the spinal nerves, and branches long and visceral vascular. The branches form a vascular plexus in the walls of blood vessels and follow them along with the organs.

Branches reaching directly into the visceral organs. Przedzwojowe sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord, reach the sympathetic trunk ganglia, the strands holding the autonomous coiled coils known previously przedkręgowymi, then come to the coils in the walls intramurla organs.

Some fiber passes through the coils przedzwojowych sympathetic trunk as a self-visceral nerves that go to the celiac plexus in the abdomen. Sympathetic fibers, leaving the sympathetic trunk ganglia of the peripheral vegetative root ganglia or in the intervertebral ganglia, back to the spinal cord reflex arc closing.

i zaopatruje te same narządy. Sympathetic nervous system is closely linked with the parasympathetic system and supplies the same organ. With the exception of pelvic nerves the parasympathetic fibers do not run independently, but come to the internal organs, blood vessels, glands, vascular smooth muscle and the skin via the cranial nerves and spinal.

Layout przywspółczulny be grouped in some cephalic, and the core part of the cross. Cephalic part of the initial cells are located in the nuclei located in the midbrain and tyłomózgowiu. The fibers run along the cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X innervate the smooth muscles of the eye, salivary and lacrimal glands, vessels of the scalp, the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose.

The greatest representative of the parasympathetic vagus nerve, which innervating the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen. Core part of the parasympathetic system is mainly in the sacral spinal cord.

Stepping out from her run in the nerve fibers cross from 2 to 4 then detach from them, as the pelvic visceral nerves that reach the pelvic autonomic ganglia. These are the fibers przedzwojowe. Pozazwojowe fibers reach the smooth muscle walls of the large intestine, genital organs and urinary and blood vessels.

The remainder of the spinal parasympathetic system cells are in fact an intermediate gray matter and the outgoing one fiber passing through the front and rear roots of spinal nerves to the appropriate organs.

Histological studies BOCK, STACHRA and others have shown that peripheral autonomic projections do not work to differentiate the sympathetic and parasympathetic. Both systems create a common network neurofibryli, from where there are delicate branches forming (the final mesh). Final mesh surrounds all the organs and cells may affect their operation.

This impact takes effect by:

• dishes, which width zawiadują parasympathetic fibers and sympathetic

• smooth muscles of internal organs, whose voltage may vary by wegetatywno-nerve

• metabolism, which is subject to fluctuations in the quantity and quality changes in blood flow through the active substances, trophic effects, which dochodząco effect of fluctuations in the way of blood supply, metabolism, by disabling pain and the specific trophic nerve fibers.

In this way, can be caused both minor functional disorders, as well as severe organic changes. i czy woli, podczas gdy przecięcie nerwu rdzeniowego znosi czynność gruczołu wykonawczego, przerwanie nerwu wegetatywnego nie zakłóca czynności zaopatrywanego narządu. The processes of vegetative organ was originally decided by the peripheral. Action visceral, vascular smooth muscle cells of the skin, sweat glands, etc. take place without the involvement of the awareness and that will, while the intersection of the spinal nerve abolishes the action of the Executive gland, interruption of autonomic nerve activity does not interfere with the organ supplied.

Influence of autonomic innervation of the executive organs occurs directly through conduction of stimuli, and indirectly by means of neurotransmitters. When the sympathetic nerve irritation produced noradrenaline, the parasympathetic nerve irritation - acetylcholine.

  The inclusion of these hormones explain prolonged conduction stimuli in the vegetative system in relation to spinal nerve conduction. Norepinephrine is transferred immediately to the whole system through the circulatory system, although acetylcholine is formed locally, but also produce nerve fibers Acetylcholinesterase, which abolishes the split-second action of acetylcholine, before it gets into the bloodstream.

Laws governing the division of labor in the vegetative system are not yet fully understood.

• Sympathetic nervous system stimulates the processes of life, zawiaduje dissimilation processes, defense, energy, and enhances the development enhances the function of organs and cause systemic effects can be excited in its entirety.

• Layout przywspółczulny zawiaduje maintenance and conservation activities, the activities of assimilation, slows organ function, reduces energy consumption, provides a collection of stocks, organizes local reactions.

Under normal conditions, both systems seek to ensure the optimum balance functional as possible, which we call a vegetative tension. It sets out the model of a particular individual acting in his most personal and constant feature, as well as the output plane for all achievements vegetative. Despite the ubiquity of the vegetative innervation of its independence is relative. It provides only an important part throughout the vegetative regulation. To co-ordinate the various tasks of the autonomic system interacts with other systems of control and under their influence.

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